To highlight the wide range of publications reviewed in Choice, each month Choice editors feature some noteworthy reviews from the current issue.
 
Babb, Sarah.  Behind the development banks: Washington politics, world poverty, and the wealth of nations.  Chicago, 2009.  313p bibl index afp; ISBN 9780226033648, $70.00; ISBN 9780226033655 pbk, $25.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1532  HG1975  2008-40620 CIP
 
The development banks in this study include the World Bank, regional entities such as the Inter-American, Asian, and African Development banks, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. They are broadly multilateral and devoted to improving the lives of residents of lower-income countries. Their funding comes from the wealthier nations, with the US the largest contributor, with the exception of the African bank. It is this preponderant role of the US in these entities that offers Babb (sociology, Boston College) the opportunity to write an excellent book about the linkage between US domestic politics and the performance of these institutions. Babb shows how the shifts in the power of right- or left-wing blocs in Congress tie various policy strictures to the funds that are approved. One bloc wants to impose market solutions and efficiency, while the other is committed to social institutions and humanitarian ends. Thus the development banks are obligated to fold into their mandates aspects of strategic, economic, and humanitarian rationales that are of current concern in Washington. Crucial in this policy stew is the role of NGOs, lobbying groups, and so forth. Well worth reading. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels. -- P. K. Kresl, emeritus, Bucknell University
 
 
Bekoff, Marc.  Wild justice: the moral lives of animals, by Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce.  Chicago, 2009.  188p bibl index afp ISBN 0-226-04161-1, $26.00; ISBN 9780226041612, $26.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1420  QL775  2008-40173 CIP
 
Bekoff (emer., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder) springboards from his 2007 book, The Emotional Lives of Animals, to examine the moral behavior of animals. In this work, written with the skeptic in mind, Bekoff and bioethicist Pierce (Morality Play, 2005) set out to prove that animals are capable of demonstrating fairness, reciprocity, cooperation, and many other moral behaviors previously believed to have been characteristic only of humans. The authors provide ample support to their claims through anecdotes, citing a multitude of experts in other fields to create a compelling argument. They also take great care to distinguish morality and prosocial behaviors, as there is often overlap between the two classifications. Each chapter is organized in a logical fashion, starting with an overview and then diving into more intricate aspects of the subject matter. Additionally, the authors write as though they are having a conversation with the reader, and present questions to invoke further areas of thought. This well-thought-out, provocative work will give scientific and lay readers plenty of examples to rethink and open new paths of research into the lives and minds of animals. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels of readership. -- K. K. Goldbeck, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 
 

Churchill, Robert H.  To shake their guns in the tyrant's face: libertarian political violence and the origins of the militia movement.  Michigan, 2009.  370p index afp ISBN 0-472-11682-7, $35.00; ISBN 9780472116829, $35.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1611  HN90   2008-48161 CIP
 
In a riveting book, Churchill (Univ. of Hartford) examines the rise of the US militia movement that became manifest after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The explosion killed 169 people, constituting the worst terrorist attack on US soil to that point in history. In the days after the explosion, Americans learned about various militia groups, and these organizations were demonized as anti-government extremists that posed a direct threat to the American public. Churchill scrupulously researched the topic, dismantling the mainstream interpretations of the militia movement and establishing connections between the contemporary movement and earlier manifestations that cropped up to challenge the authority of the federal government. The book follows a case-study approach and is hardly comprehensive, but by any standard the finished product stands as a welcome contribution, placing the militia movement and its ideas within the context of the US experience. There is no formal bibliography, but the endnotes amplify the text, and the book also contains an interesting appendix. Churchill has made an invaluable contribution to understanding the complex militia movement, and this reviewer hopes to see additional work from this historian. Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries. -- J. B. Cook, North Greenville University 
 
 
Cohen, Susan.  Normal at any cost: tall girls, short boys, and the medical industry's quest to manipulate height, by Susan Cohen and Christine Cosgrove.  Penguin, 2009.  405p index; ISBN 9781585426836, $26.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1450  RJ482   2008-40786 CIP
 
The quest to manipulate the body height of a child must lie somewhere between plastic surgery and influencing global warming trends. Eugenics seems to have become as profitable an enterprise as cosmetics, and those who can afford it leave no means untried to adjust what Mother Nature has given them. This well-researched and excellently crafted book tells the story of body height adjustment from the perspective of parents, the personally affected/disadvantaged, medical ethics, and the pharmaceutical industry along with its various national regulatory overseers (public health protectors). Cohen and Cosgrove, both reporters, have shaped the book as a cautionary tale, warning of abuses in this rapidly growing multibillion-dollar business. However, they also empathize with all the tall girls and short boys and their worrying, well-meaning parents who all seem to become vitally interested in hormones as they seek answers and interventions from endocrinologists. Not only is this book great investigative reporting, it also manages to braid psychology, physiology, and philosophy so that readers can ponder the practical and even religious facets of this modern frontier phenomenon. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates and above; general readers. -- M. Kroger, emeritus, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Campus 
 
 
Conley, Dalton.  Elsewhere, U.S.A.  Pantheon Books, 2009.  221p index; ISBN 9780375422904, $24.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1726  HM831   MARC
 
Distinguished social scientist Conley (NYU) explains how US society got from the company man, family dinners, and the affluent society to the home office, BlackBerry moms, and economic anxiety. The traditional Protestant ethic is now replaced by the "elsewhere ethic." The author provides a clear picture of how the past three decades of technological, social, and economic changes slowly but dramatically reshaped US lives and society and how leisure and work, public and private spaces, and home and office have blurred. With fascinating bits of information, he describes how these economic trends, combined together, gave rise to a new type of American and a new texture of everyday life. Conley follows his preface, "A Tale of Three Generations," by reviewing different phases of life in the US today with sound sociological analysis. He considers women's increasing participation in the labor force; rising economic inequality; the individualism of the modern era; the way Americans earn and spend; public life in an age of private markets; new types of crime and criminals; family life in the elsewhere society; and the birth of the "intravidual." Superbly well written and so easy to read--almost like talking with the author. Most highly recommended for any intelligent person. Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries. -- M. Y. Rynn, emerita, University of Scranton 
 
 
Duelfer, Charles.  Hide and seek: the search for truth in Iraq.  PublicAffairs, 2009.  523p bibl index; ISBN 9781586485573, $29.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1671  DS79   2009-293962 CIP
 
Duelfer has served as, among other things, the deputy director of the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) from 1993 to 2000, and the head of the CIA-led Iraq Survey Group that was charged with the search for Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. His 2004 Comprehensive Report on WMD in Iraq, commonly known as The Duelfer Report, stands as the most complete document that has been produced by the US government on this issue. Although some of the facts covered in The Duelfer Report are also discussed in this book, the author's main purpose in this volume is to discuss the failure of intelligence and the failure of policy that led to the US invasion of Iraq and some of the policy failures that followed the US occupation of that country. Duelfer examines various options pursued by both the US and Iraq, and he meticulously dissects their shortcomings. Because of his extensive dealings with Saddam's regime, the author also provides very informative vignettes about the Iraqi regime's mindset and decision-making calculus. Both policy makers and academic experts will benefit immensely from reading this book. Summing Up: Recommended. All readers/all levels. -- N. Entessar, University of South Alabama
  
 
Haile, C. M.  C. M. Haile's "Pardon Jones" letters: Old Southwest humor from antebellum Louisiana, ed. by Ed Piacentino.  Louisiana State, 2009.  240p bibl index afp; ISBN 9780807134375, $37.50. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1290  PS566   2009-6240 CIP
 
In his "Pardon Jones" letters (published in the New Orleans Picayune, 1840-48), Haile combined drawl, twang, social values, and political events into a voice as fresh as Alexander Posey's Fus Fixico (collected in The Fus Fixico Letters, ed. by Daniel F. Littlefield and Carol A. Petty Hunter, CH, Mar'94, 31-3642). Whereas Fus Fixico articulated Indian/white culture of 1910 Oklahoma, Pardon Jones was a southern cracker lost in a Yankee mindset but formed out of antebellum Louisiana white prejudices, and his dialect voice is unique. Piacentino (High Point Univ.) provides a valuable, entertaining collection of these comic letters. An unusual and unexpected amalgamation of Yankee attitude and southern colloquial language and values, Pardon Jones, as a phenomenon, extended southwestern humor to locales and circumstances from Rhode Island village life to Iberville Parish, Louisiana, backwoods slapstick. Some of the letters have the feeling of mature native experience; others are rambunctious tales one would expect but set in the Northeast rather than the bayou country. Such contemporaneous events as the annexation of Texas and the Mexican American War add another dimension. Piacentino is right to claim the importance of this unusual material for readers interested in US literature, humor, and history. Helpful notes; brief glossary. Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty. -- D. E. Sloane, University of New Haven 
 
 
Hess, John.  The Galápagos: exploring Darwin's tapestry.  Missouri, 2009.  188p index afp; ISBN 9780826218377, $49.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1404  QL345  2008-43151 CIP
 
Darwin is forever linked to the Galápagos and the finches. This handsomely produced book is not so much about Darwin per se. Rather, it is all about the concepts he promulgated as evidenced, at least to many naturalists, on that remote group of islands off the Pacific coast of equatorial South America. The success of any work depends on whether it finds a niche, so to speak. Hess (emer., Univ. of Central Missouri), drawing on years of experience as an ecologist, has succeeded by linking great and, in places, poetic writing with truly excellent photographs to create a "tapestry" that allows the reader, short of actually making the trip, to experience the story of the Galápagos Islands--a story of that great, but not unlimited adaptability of life. This story is perhaps a cautionary tale. As Hess quotes Ted Perry in the text: "All things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth, befalls the sons and daughters of the earth. Man does not weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it." In sum, this is a beautifully written and illustrated book. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels of readership. -- D. M. McKinstry, emeritus, Pennsylvania State Erie, Behrend College 
 
 
Hill, Jane H.  The everyday language of white racism.  Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.  224p bibl index afp  (Blackwell studies in discourse and culture, 3); ISBN 9781405184540, $89.95; ISBN 9781405184533 pbk, $35.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1491  P120   2008-13078 CIP
 
Using methodologies from linguistic anthropology, Hill (anthropology and linguistics, Arizona) analyzes the persistence of racist language, conscious and unconscious, by whites in the US. American society is racist, in her view, as evidenced in disjunctive statistical measures of well-being of Hispanics, African Americans, and whites, and reinforced by "everyday language" that originates in referentialist and personalist ideologies. Racist slurs, such as consciously directed use of the "N-word," mock Spanish misusages, and use of animal or pejorative descriptors (such as "buck" for male, "squaw" or "bitch" for female) to index sex and age categories of humans from different races, are repugnant to most whites. But gaffes, which from the perspective of personalist ideology are supposedly unintended, may go unnoticed or even be forgiven in public discourse, after an initial firestorm. Media scandals that accompany racist gaffes by well-known individuals (Trent Lott or Don Imus) reflect linguistic ideology. The public speech behavior of these individuals, who may not be avowedly Ku Klux Klan members or otherwise rabid race-baiters, derives from a majority, presumably nonracist white population of the present, yet in fact it expresses what are already underlying, unconscious tendencies in the language that unerringly reveal racial prejudice. Summing Up: Recommended. Most levels/libraries. -- W. L. Balee, Tulane University 
 
 
Hillis, Ken.  Online a lot of the time: ritual, fetish, sign.  Duke University, 2009.  316p bibl index afp; ISBN 9780822344346
47-1261  HM851  2008-55236 CIP, $84.95; ISBN 9780822344483 pbk, $23.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.

Many scholars have studied the age of the Internet from a socioeconomic perspective, attributing the creation of a new economy to the Internet's magic power. Others have written about the Internet as a tool that allows niche products to get global attention. Hillis (media studies and communication, Univ. of North Carolina) examines the Internet sensation as a humanist. He frames his topics within a remarkable breadth of cultural, anthropological, and philosophical thought, drawing analogies between the primitive ritualistic forms of communication and the Web-enabled human connectivity and interaction through second-generation virtual environments such as Second Life and online chat assisted by Webcam. The virtual, remote, networked, and iconographic modes of modern communication constitute online communes created by "digitally assembled individuals." In the first three chapters, Hillis offers elaborate discourses on rituals, fetishes, and signs. In chapters 4 and 5, the more significant parts of this work, he directs readers to an extensive review of multifunctional MUVEs (multiuser virtual environments) and personal Webcams, and he presents his concluding observations about the dialectics of an ontological theme--being in an online society. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. -- T. J. Zou, University of Arkansas, Feyetteville 
 
 
Hulme, Mike.  Why we disagree about climate change: understanding controversy, inaction and opportunity.  Cambridge, 2009.  392p bibl index; ISBN 9780521898690, $85.00; ISBN 9780521727327 pbk, $28.99. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1431  QC981  2009-4684 CIP
 
Climatology is traditionally characterized by the behavior of, and interactions between, the various components of the Earth-atmosphere system (that is, the oceans, ice sheets, land surface, biosphere, and atmosphere) across multiple timescales. Hulme (Univ. of East Anglia, UK) presents a new paradigm in which climatology is viewed as an amalgamation of these physical processes and the social context in which they occur. From this new perspective, the author provides a concise description of the physical elements governing climate change, followed by chapters that explore the social fabric of the climate change issue. The book argues that disagreements on topics ranging from interpretation of scientific data to perception of risk and beyond contribute to society's position on mitigation of anthropogenic contribution to climate. Such contributions will not be diminished without explicit consideration of many social factors and, even then, will remain a tremendous challenge due to discord regarding the rules of climate governance. WhyWe Disagree about Climate Change is exceptionally well written and informative. Additional strengths are the annotated reference lists that accompany each chapter and an extensive bibliography. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals; general readers. -- J. Schoof, Southern Illinois University 
 

Lorde, Audre.  I am your sister: collected and unpublished writings of Audre Lorde, ed. by Rudolph P. Byrd, Johnnetta Betsch Cole, and Beverly Guy-Sheftall.  Oxford, 2009.  280p bibl index afp; ISBN 9780195341485, $27.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1298  PS3562  2009-2083 MARC
 
"I am saving my life by using my life in the service of what must be done," wrote poet, visionary, teacher, activist Audre Lorde, choosing to live the final six years of her life without further invasive therapy for her recurring breast cancer. Lorde died in 1992, leaving a rich legacy of writing in poetry, essays, journals, and speeches. This excellent, impeccably edited collection includes not only nonfiction selections by Lorde but also commentary by writers such as Alice Walker and bell hooks. Perhaps best known for The Cancer Journals (1980) and Sister Outsider (1984), Lorde was recognized as a major voice for black women, lesbians, gays, and feminists throughout the 1970s and 1980s. As a black feminist lesbian she bore incisive witness to struggles for liberation around the world, challenging even US black male leaders for dismissing women's concerns and embracing homophobia. Lorde's prominence and respect in academia led to an endowed chair in her name at the University of Louisville (2005). Her personal papers and artifacts, permanently housed at Spelman College, were opened to the public in 2009. Anyone interested in American literature, women's and feminist studies, gay/lesbian studies, and African American studies will want this book. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, general readers. -- C. Machado, Norwalk Community College 
 
 
Malone, Michael S.  The future arrived yesterday.  Crown, 2009.  295p index; ISBN 9780307406903, $27.50. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1520  HD45   2008-50638 CIP
 
In this important, clearly written book, Malone, a business and technology writer, presents his view of the kind of organization that will dominate large segments of the global economy by 2050 and will be required for business success. He describes this future model as the "protean" organization, consisting of a small center called the "Core" surrounded by a large "Cloud." The protean organization is innovative, entrepreneurial, global, technology driven, and adaptive to changes taking place in its volatile environment. The small Core consists of experienced, permanent employees who maintain the culture, provide stability, and advise on various issues, e.g., benefits, mission, objectives, training, and strategic planning. The author provides many examples. The CEO implements the decisions of the Core and has little power. The board of directors adjudicates disputes between the CEO and the Core. The Cloud includes such people as talented researchers, contractors, consultants, and full- and part-time employees, who work with limited supervision all over the world. This group determines whether the company is adaptive and successful; it operates with few rules and is less permanent, behaving in an innovative, entrepreneurial fashion. Malone's view of the future of business is insightful and interesting. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All business collections/all levels. -- D. W. Huffmire, emeritus, University of Connecticut 
 
 
Morse, David R.  Multicultural intelligence: eight make-or-break rules for marketing to race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.  Paramount Market Publishing, 2009.  244p bibl index; ISBN 9780980174564, $37.50. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1522    Orig

Morse (president, New American Dimensions, a multicultural market research firm) wants marketers to take note of the US's increasingly diverse population. With 30 percent of the population now made up of Hispanics, Asian Americans, and African Americans, he says there have been "big changes in terms of who has and spends dollars." The combined purchasing power of these three groups now exceeds $2 trillion. In essence: "Multicultural consumers mean big money." Yet Morse reports that businesses often overlook minority markets or create advertising that misses the mark, portraying them inaccurately or unfavorably. From Chiquita Banana to the Frito Bandito and Taco Bell dog, the Hispanics portrayed in ads often make Hispanics cringe. The same applies to Asian Americans and African Americans. This book describes the various cultural groups (including the LGBT target market) and provides "Eight Rules" for marketing to them. For example, in "Rule 4--Don't Let the Joke Be on You," Morse explains why the well-known and humorous "Got Milk?" ads did not fare well with Hispanics--they took the punch line literally to mean "Are you lactating?" Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and practitioners. -- P. G. Kishel, Cypress College
 
 
Sassoon, Joseph.  The Iraqi refugees: the new crisis in the Middle East.  I. B. Tauris, 2009.  247p bibl index; ISBN 9781845119195, $75.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1666  JV8751   MARC
 
This book is a welcome addition to the limited number of studies on post-2003 Iraqi refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Drawing on sources from local newspapers to interviews conducted by the United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Sassoon shows how the problems of IDPs and refugees reveal both the weakness of Iraq's institution and its continuously depleting human capital. This exodus is one of the main hurdles facing democracy building. Chapters on Syria and Jordan delve into the characteristics of refugees, why they prefer these countries, and the strategic and economic concerns guiding these countries' policies. Syria's 2007 refugee policy and the growing economic deficit in Jordan have ushered in dramatic changes for Iraqi refugees. Iraqis constitute only a small group in many of the developed countries that decided that the situation in Iraq did not warrant refugee status for Iraqis. Due to their limited numbers, refugees in countries from Iran to the US are addressed in one chapter. Sassoon also explores areas where UNHCR and other nongovernmental organizations' policies falter and the intricacies of property rights--although "returning" appears to be unlikely. The book's many intriguing facts and accounts make it a great source for general readers as well as experts. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels. -- S. Tepe, University of Illinois at Chicago 
 

Sexuality education: past, present, and future: v.1: History and foundations; v.2: What people want to know; v.3: Principles and practices; v.4: Emerging techniques and technologies, ed. by Elizabeth Schroeder and Judy Kurlansky.  Praeger, 2009.  4v bibl index afp; ISBN 9780275997946, $375.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1564  HQ56   2008-51469 CIP
 
This four-volume set on sexuality education is a comprehensive tome of all that is necessary to understanding and communicating healthy attitudes and behaviors related to human sexuality. Schroeder (executive director, Answer) and Kurlansky (clinical psychologist, Columbia Univ.) effectively compiled 66 chapters contributed by more than 100 authors on topics ranging from a history of sexuality education and its controversies, to conceptual frameworks, to extensive analyses of programs and practices, and finally to essential questions that may shape the future of sexuality education. Each volume has appendixes with extensive information on resources, agencies, programs, codes of ethics, and much more. The work does not limit itself to only school-based programs and issues, but rather extends the coverage to an array of contexts in which sexuality education may take place. While each volume makes a valuable contribution to the subject matter, volume 3 is exceptional because of its detailed examination of established sexuality education principles, programs, and practices, as well as a discussion of ongoing issues in the field. Those seeking guidance on sexuality education, regardless of their educational setting or the population they serve, will find what they are looking for within the covers of this set. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All undergraduate collections and above. -- J. Sughrue, Florida Atlantic University 

Taylor, Kathleen.  Cruelty: human evil and the human brain.  Oxford, 2009.  337p bibl index afp ISBN 0-19-955262-2, $34.95; ISBN 9780199552627, $34.95. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1350  BJ1535  2008-55142 MARC
 
Rather than a tale of sadistic monsters engaged in unfathomable behavior, Cruelty is a carefully laid out, thoughtfully argued account of how evolutionarily acquired automatic responses to perceived threats can render otherwise normal, rational people capable of inflicting brutal suffering on innocent victims. In this well-written, accessible volume (like A. R. Damasio's Descartes' Error, 1994, and J. E. Le Doux's The Emotional Brain, 1998), Taylor (Univ. of Oxford) competently engages issues across an impressive spectrum of disciplines (e.g., philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience) to provide not only a broadly themed yet finely detailed picture of the act of cruelty, but also the neurological, moral, and cultural factors that bring it about. Key to her analysis of cruelty (and a focus of the book) is the concept of "otherization," whereby outsiders are systematically stripped of human attributes in order to make cruel treatment of them justifiable in the eyes of their tormentors. In this book cruelty is all too human. Written without technical jargon, it should appeal to a broad audience. Academics particularly will appreciate the multidisciplinary approach, thorough notes, and references. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through faculty/researchers; general readers. -- P. Newberry, California State University, Bakersfield
 
 
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 1933-1945: v.1, pts. A and B: Early camps, youth camps, and concentration camps and subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA), ed. by Geoffrey P. Megargee.  Indiana/United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2009.  2v bibl indexes afp; ISBN 9780253353283, $295.00. Reviewed in 2009nov CHOICE.
47-1220  D805   2008-37382 CIP

This book is the first in a projected multivolume reference work on the thousands of concentration camps and ghettos administered by Nazi Germany both prior to and during WW II. All told, millions of prisoners from all over Nazi-occupied Europe were placed in these camps. After being incarcerated for various reasons involving race, politics, and Germany's need for labor, millions were murdered. Although Jews were the special targets, other groups included were Roma and Sinti (Gypsies), homosexuals, resistance fighters, common criminals, communists, prisoners of war, and more. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum undertook this project to provide a reliable, up-to-date reference based on the massive amount of archival material that has become available since the expiration of the 50-year archival restrictions in many countries and the successful effort to open the Bad Arolsen archives in Germany. Toward this end, the project directors enlisted the leading experts on the Holocaust and on Nazi Germany to write the articles included in this work. The result is a readable encyclopedia with very up-to-date bibliographical sources. This important reference work belongs on every library bookshelf. Summing Up: Essential. Lower-level undergraduates and above; general readers. -- J. Fischel, emeritus, Messiah College 
 

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